Rabu, 23 Mei 2012

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1


CONDITIONAL  SENTENCE   TYPE   1

                    Read these sentences:
                    1.   If you pass the hall, you will see Krida Loka conference room.
                    2.   It will take about 5 minutes if you go there on foot.

                    NOTES:

                    1.   The sentences consist of two clauses, the main clause and the If clause.
                    2.   The   If   clause   gives   a   condition  to   the   main   clause.
                         The condition is introduced with “IF”, that is why it is called an IF-conditional clause. 
                          The condition is real in a sense that the condition may actually happen in the future.
                    3.   The   main   clause   tells   us   the   result   if   the   condition happens.
                           It is called a result clause.
                    4.   The main clause takes future tense, as in:
                         -     You will see Krida Loka conference room
                         -     It will take about five minutes
                         ( Notes: the use of other present modals is possible, such as:   can   or   may)
5.   The If clause takes simple present tense, as in:
                         -     If you pass the hall
                         -     If you go there on foot.
                    6.   The If clause can be in initial or final position. When you put it in the initial position, 
                          don’t   forget   to   put   a comma   (,).

Although or In Spite of


Although or In Spite of
Study the sentence.
•    Although she said they had non-slip soles and were fully waterproof, my feet were soaked
      when I wore them in the rain yesterday.
Study this example situation:
Last year Jaka and Joni spent their holidays by the sea. It rained a lot but they enjoyed themselves.
You can say:
•    Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed themselves.(= It rained a lot but they ....) or
•    In spite of  the rain, they enjoyed themselves.

After although/even though/though we use a subject + verb.
After in spite of (or despite) we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or Verb-ing

 
 
Exercises
Complete these sentences with although or in spite of.
  1.     ....       all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong.
  2.    ....        I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
  3.    I love music  ....    I can’t play a musical instrument.
  4.    ...   being very tired, we carried on walking.
  5.    The heating was full on, but   ...   this the house was still cold.

Obligation/Necessity


Obligation/Necessity

Some expressions commonly used to express obligations are as follows:
·         I must try it again.
·         Do  you have to go now? Yes, I do.
·         I have to keep it.
·         You have to come on time.
·         It is necessary for us to be there.

But, if you think it is not a necessary thing, you can say:
·         You don’t have to go now.
·         He doesn’t have to do it.
·         You don’t need to go to school because it’s a holiday.
·         It is not necessary for us to go now.

  1. Positive Obligations
1. S +must+verb
            Example: I must save my money.
2. S+have/has to+verb
     Examples:         You have to come on time.
                                He has to meet the manager at 7 a.m.
3. S+need to+verb
     Examples: I need to visit the landslide victims.
                        He needs to look at the map.

  1. Negative Obligations
S+must not+ verb
Example: You must not smoke here.
  1. No Obligation
1.       S+don’t have+verb
Example: You don’t have to go to school because it’s a holiday.
2.       S+don’t need to+verb
Example: You don’t need to do it.

  1. Past Obligation
S+had to+verb
Example: I had to take part in the meeting last night.
Note:

Ø  Must is stronger than have to and indicates urgency or stresses importance
e.g.: They have to attend the Flag Ceremony at 7 a.m.
                  The leader must be a model.
Ø  do not have to = lack of necessity      
e.g.: She doesn’t have to work overtime if she can finish her work now.
Ø  must not = prohibition                                                               
You mustn’t tell anyone what I said.




 
 








Jumat, 02 Maret 2012

Minggu, 29 Januari 2012

Vocational School Grade II Standard of Competence and Basic Competence


English Lesson
Vocational School Grade II
Standard of Competence and Basic Competence

Standard of Competence
Communicating in English at an elementary level

Basic Competence
2.1   Understanding simple daily conversations in professional and non-professional contexts with non-native speakers.
2.2   Understanding simple messages through direct and indirect communication.
2.3   Describing jobs and a background of studies both written and orally.
2.4   Describing past events and future working plans.
2.5   Expressing different kinds of intention.
2.6   Understanding simple instructions.
2.7   Understanding and writing short messages, instructions and directions using correct words and punctuation.

Jumat, 13 Januari 2012

Yes I Can

Yes I Can
If you think you are beaten, you are
If you think you dare not, you don’t
If you like to win, but think you can’t
It’s almost certain you won’t.

If you think you’ll lose, you’re lost
For out in the world we find
Success begins with a fellow’s will
It’s all in the state of mind

If you think you are outclassed, you are
You’ve got to think high to rise
You’ve got to be sure of yourself before
You can ever win a prize

Life’s battles don’t always go
To the stronger or faster man
But sooner or later, the person who wins
Is the one who thinks and says: Yes I can!


Ya, Aku Bisa!
Bila Anda berpikir Anda kalah, ya Anda kalah
Bila Anda berpikir Anda tidak berani, ya tidak berani
Bila Anda ingin menang, tapi berpikir Anda bakal tidak menang
Hampir dipastikan Anda bakal tidak menang

Bila Anda berpikir Anda akan gagal, sesungguhnya Anda telah gagal
Sebab di dunia telah kami temukan
Bahwa sukses dimulai dengan keinginan seseorang
Semuanya itu masalah cara berpikir

Bila Anda berpikir Anda disisihkan
Maka Anda akan tersisihkan, Anda harus berpikir tinggi
Untuk menjulang
Terlebih dahulu Anda harus yakin pada diri sendiri
Sebelum Anda mendapatkan piala

Perjuangan dalam hidup ini tidak selamanya dimenangkan
Oleh mereka yang lebih kuat dan lebih cepat
Tetapi cepat atau lambat, orang yang menang itu
Adalah mereka yang berpikir dan berkata: Ya aku bisa!